Ko te whakamatao ko te hanga tikanga whakamatao ma te tango i te wera.Ka whakamahia te nuinga ki te pupuri i nga kai me etahi atu mea ka pirau, hei aukati i nga mate kawe kai.Ka whai hua na te mea ka puhoi te tipu o te huakita i nga pāmahana iti.
Ko nga tikanga mo te tiaki kai ma te whakamatao he mano tau te roa, engari ko te pouaka whakamātao hou he mea hanga hou.I tenei ra, ko te tono mo te whakamatao me te whakamahana hau e tohu ana i te tata ki te 20 ōrau o te whakapau kaha puta noa i te ao, e ai ki te tuhinga 2015 i roto i te International Journal of Refrigeration.
Hītori
Ka tapahia, ka penapenahia e te Hainamana te tio i te takiwa o te 1000 BC, a 500 tau i muri mai, ka ako nga Ihipiana me Inia ki te waiho i nga ipu oneone ki waho i nga po makariri ki te mahi tio, e ai ki a Keep It Cool, he kamupene whakamahana me te whakamatao kei roto Lake Park, Florida.Ua haaputu te tahi atu mau nunaa, mai to Heleni, Roma e Hebera, i te hiona i roto i te mau apoo e ua tapo‘i ia ratou i te tahi mau tao‘a paruru, ia au i te vea History.I nga waahi maha i Uropi i te rau tau 1700, ka kitea te tote tote kua rewa ki te wai hei hanga i nga tikanga whakamatao ka whakamahia hei hanga tio.I te rau tau 1800, ka kohia e te pakeha te tio i te takurua, ka tote, ka takai ki te harakeke, ka penapena ki raro i te whenua ki te wahi e noho ana mo etahi marama.I tukuna ano te huka ki etahi atu waahi huri noa i te ao, e ai ki tetahi tuhinga 2004 i whakaputaina i roto i te hautaka a te American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE).
Te whakamahana whakaetonga
I timata te ariā o te whakamatao miihini i te kitenga o William Cullen, he taote Kotimana, he hua whakamatao te whakaetonga i nga tau 1720.I whakaatu ia i ana whakaaro i te tau 1748 ma te whakaeto i te ethyl ether i roto i te korehau, e ai ki a Peak Mechanical Partnership, he kamupene paipa me te whakamahana kei Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
Ko Oliver Evans, he tangata hangahanga o Amerika, i hoahoa engari kare i hanga he miihini whakamatao i whakamahi i te kohu hei whakakapi i te wai i te tau 1805. I te tau 1820, ka whakamahia e te kaiputaiao Ingarihi a Michael Faraday te haukini liquefied hei whakamatao.I whiwhi a Jacob Perkins, i mahi tahi me Evans, he patent mo te huringa vaporcompression ma te whakamahi i te haukini wai i te tau 1835, e ai ki te History of Refrigeration.Mo tera, i etahi wa ka kiia ia ko te "papa o te pouaka whakamatao." I hanga ano e John Gorrie, he taote o Amerika, he miihini e rite ana ki te hoahoa a Evans i te tau 1842. I whakamahia e Gorrie tana pouaka pouaka, nana i hanga te hukapapa, hei whakamatao i nga turoro ki te kirikaa kowhai. i te hōhipera Florida.I whiwhi a Gorrie i te patent tuatahi o Amerika mo tana tikanga hanga tio i te tau 1851.
Ko etahi atu kaihanga huri noa i te ao ki te whakawhanake hou me te whakapai ake i nga tikanga o naianei mo te whakamatao, e ai ki te Peak Mechanical, tae atu ki:
I hangaia e Ferdinand Carré, he miihini Wīwī, he pouaka whakamātao i whakamahia he ranunga haukini me te wai i te tau 1859.
I hangaia e Carl von Linde, he kaiputaiao Tiamana, he miihini whakamahana whakakoi kawe i te methyl ether i te tau 1873, a i te tau 1876 ka huri ki te haukinia.I te tau 1894, i hangaia ano e Linde etahi tikanga hou mo te whakaheke i te hau nui.
1899, ko Albert T. Marshall, he kaihanga o Amerika, i arai i te pouaka whakamatao miihini tuatahi.
Ko Albert Einstein te tohunga ahupūngao rongonui i arai i tetahi pouaka whakamatao i te tau 1930 me te whakaaro ki te hanga i tetahi pouaka whakamahana mo te taiao kaore he waahanga neke me te kore e whakawhirinaki ki te hiko.
Ko te rongonui o te pouaka whakamahana arumoni i piki ake i te mutunga o te rau tau 1900 na nga kaihanga waipiro, e ai ki a Peak Mechanical, i reira i whakauruhia ai te pouaka whakamatao tuatahi ki tetahi whare inu waipiro i Brooklyn, New York, i te tau 1870. I te huringa o te rau tau, tata ki nga whare waipiro katoa. he pouaka whakamātao.
Ko te ahumahi whakangao mīti i whai i te pouaka whakamātao tuatahi i whakauruhia ki Chicago i te tau 1900, e ai ki te moheni History, me te tata ki te 15 tau i muri mai, tata katoa nga tipu kikii kai i whakamahi i nga pouaka pouaka. he pouaka whakamātao.
I tenei ra, tata ki nga kaainga katoa i te United States - 99 paiheneti - kotahi te iti rawa o te pouaka whakamātao, me te 26 paiheneti o nga whare o Amerika he nui ake i te kotahi, e ai ki te ripoata a te US Department of Energy i te tau 2009.
Wā tuku: Hūrae-04-2022